Check air filters, ensure proper thermostat settings, inspect outdoor units for debris, and verify refrigerant levels to troubleshoot heat pump HVAC issues effectively.
Heat pumps provide efficient heating and cooling, but like any HVAC system, they can develop problems. This guide covers the most common heat pump issues and how to fix them yourself or when to call a pro.
How Heat Pumps Work
Heat pumps transfer heat rather than generate it. In heating mode, they extract warmth from outdoor air (even in cold weather) and move it inside. In cooling mode, they reverse the process like an AC unit. This makes them 2-3 times more efficient than conventional systems.
Types of Heat Pumps
- Air-source: Most common type, transfers heat between indoor and outdoor air
- Ground-source: Uses underground pipes to exchange heat with the earth
- Ductless mini-split: Individual units for each room without ductwork
11 Common Heat Pump Problems & Solutions
1. Heat Pump Running Constantly
If your unit never cycles off:
- Check thermostat settings – may be set too high/low
- Clean or replace clogged air filters (dirty filters reduce airflow)
- Inspect for refrigerant leaks (requires professional)
2. Not Heating Properly
When heat output is weak:
- Verify thermostat is in heat mode
- Check outdoor unit isn’t blocked by snow/debris
- Examine for ice buildup on coils (normal in cold weather)
3. Not Cooling Effectively
If cooling performance drops:
- Clean condenser coils (outdoor unit)
- Ensure proper refrigerant charge
- Check that reversing valve is functioning
When to Call a Pro
These issues require professional service:
| Problem | Likely Cause |
|---|---|
| Refrigerant leaks | Damaged lines or connections |
| Electrical failures | Faulty wiring or components |
| Compressor issues | Motor or mechanical failure |
4. Frozen Outdoor Unit
Ice buildup is normal in winter, but excessive freezing indicates:
- Low refrigerant levels
- Faulty defrost controls
- Restricted airflow (check filters)
5. Strange Noises
Unusual sounds often signal problems:
- Screeching: Bad bearings or motor
- Banging: Loose parts or compressor issue
- Gurgling: Refrigerant flow problems
Preventive Maintenance Tips
Monthly Checks
- Inspect and clean air filters
- Clear debris around outdoor unit
- Check thermostat operation
Seasonal Maintenance
Before heating/cooling seasons:
- Schedule professional tune-up
- Clean coils and drainage system
- Verify refrigerant charge
For complex repairs like refrigerant handling or electrical work, always hire a licensed HVAC technician. Proper maintenance can prevent most common issues and extend your system’s lifespan.
According to Energy.gov, well-maintained heat pumps can last 10-15 years. For optimal performance, consider upgrading to a ENERGY STAR certified model when replacing old units.
