If the pilot light goes out on your water heater, relight it following the manufacturer’s instructions, but first ensure there are no gas leaks.
A pilot light that keeps extinguishing is more than just annoying—it’s a warning sign. This guide explains why pilot lights fail and how to fix them safely.
How a Water Heater Pilot Light Works
The pilot light is a small, constant flame that ignites your water heater’s main burner. When working properly:
- It heats the thermocouple to generate electricity
- This current keeps the gas valve open
- The system maintains a steady gas flow for heating
Modern units may use electric ignition systems instead of traditional pilot lights.
Top Reasons Your Pilot Light Fails
1. Faulty Thermocouple
The thermocouple is the most common culprit. This safety device:
- Detects whether the pilot flame is lit
- Shuts off gas if the flame goes out
- Wears out after 5-10 years
Signs of a bad thermocouple: The pilot won’t stay lit after releasing the control knob, or the flame appears weak.
2. Gas Supply Issues
Problems with gas delivery can extinguish your pilot:
| Issue | Solution |
|---|---|
| Low gas pressure | Check with utility company |
| Clogged gas line | Clean or replace tubing |
| Faulty gas valve | Professional replacement needed |
3. Drafts or Ventilation Problems
According to HVAC experts, improper venting causes 30% of pilot outages. Common issues:
- Blocked flue pipes
- Strong downdrafts
- Insufficient combustion air
4. Dirty or Misaligned Components
Pilot assemblies get dirty over time:
- Carbon buildup blocks gas flow
- Minerals clog small orifices
- Components shift out of position
How to Diagnose Pilot Light Problems
Visual Inspection
A healthy pilot flame should:
- Burn steady and blue (not yellow)
- Completely engulf the thermocouple tip
- Be about 1/2 inch tall
Relighting Test
- Turn gas control knob to “off”
- Wait 5 minutes for gas to dissipate
- Set knob to “pilot” and hold down
- Light the pilot with a long match
- Hold knob down for 60 seconds after ignition
If the flame won’t stay lit, you likely need professional tools for further diagnosis.
When to Call a Professional
Seek expert help for:
- Gas odors (leave immediately)
- Visible soot around burner
- Repeated pilot failures
- Water leaks near gas controls
As noted by plumbing professionals, attempting complex gas repairs without training can be dangerous.
Preventing Future Pilot Light Problems
Regular Maintenance
Annual servicing includes:
- Cleaning burner assemblies
- Inspecting flue systems
- Testing safety controls
Upgrade Considerations
Newer models offer advantages:
- Electronic ignition (no standing pilot)
- Better energy efficiency
- Advanced safety features
For homes needing precise temperature control, consider smart thermostats that work with modern water heaters.
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