Propane heaters are generally more efficient and portable, providing instant heat, while kerosene heaters offer longer burn times and are often used in areas without natural gas access, making each suitable for different heating needs and environments.
Choosing between propane and kerosene heaters depends on your heating needs, budget, and environment. Both have unique advantages that make them suitable for different situations.
Key Differences Between Propane and Kerosene Heaters
Understanding the core differences will help you make an informed decision.
Fuel Efficiency and Cost
Kerosene typically produces more heat per gallon (135,000-150,000 BTUs) compared to propane (91,500 BTUs per gallon). However, propane burns cleaner and is often more readily available.
| Factor | Propane | Kerosene |
|---|---|---|
| BTUs per gallon | 91,500 | 135,000-150,000 |
| Average cost per gallon | $2.50-$4.00 | $3.50-$5.00 |
| Burn time (100,000 BTU) | 10-12 hours (20lb tank) | 6-8 hours per gallon |
Portability and Convenience
Propane heaters using 20lb tanks are more portable than kerosene models that require fuel transfer. However, larger propane heaters need 100lb tanks, reducing mobility. Learn more about choosing the right propane heater size.
Performance in Cold Weather
Temperature Sensitivity
Propane can struggle in extreme cold as the liquid propane needs to vaporize to burn. Below -44°F, propane won’t vaporize at all. Kerosene performs better in freezing temperatures.
Moisture Output
Both fuels produce moisture during combustion:
- Propane: 0.98 gallons of moisture per gallon burned
- Kerosene: 1.1 gallons of moisture per gallon burned
This moisture can cause condensation in enclosed spaces. Consider a vented heater if moisture is a concern.
Safety Considerations
Fumes and Air Quality
Propane burns cleaner with fewer odors. Kerosene fumes can cause headaches for some users, especially during startup and shutdown. Proper ventilation is crucial for both.
Carbon Monoxide Risks
Both fuel types produce CO. Always use CO detectors and ensure adequate ventilation. Never use either heater in sleeping areas.
Best Use Cases
When to Choose Propane
Propane excels for:
- Short-term heating needs
- Cleaner operation
- Portable applications
- Areas with easy propane access
When to Choose Kerosene
Kerosene is better for:
- Extended run times
- Extreme cold weather
- Large space heating
- Emergency preparedness
According to Energy.gov, kerosene heaters can be effective for zone heating.
Maintenance and Longevity
Propane Maintenance
Propane heaters require minimal maintenance. Check hoses and connections regularly for leaks. Store tanks properly when not in use.
Kerosene Maintenance
Kerosene heaters need more care:
- Regular wick cleaning/replacement
- Fuel filter changes
- Proper fuel storage to prevent degradation
The CPSC provides safety guidelines for kerosene heater use.
Alternative Options
For permanent heating solutions, consider ventless gas wall heaters or electric options. These provide consistent heat without fuel storage concerns.
