No, burning coal in a wood stove is not recommended as it can damage the stove and create hazardous fumes; use a coal-specific stove instead.
Many homeowners wonder if they can burn coal in their wood stoves for extra heat. While possible in some cases, this practice comes with serious risks and requires careful consideration.
Understanding Coal vs. Wood Burning
Coal and wood burn very differently. Coal requires:
- Higher combustion temperatures (up to 3,500°F vs. wood’s 2,000°F)
- Bottom-up airflow (wood stoves typically provide top-down)
- Different grate systems for proper ash removal
Key Differences in Combustion
| Factor | Wood | Coal |
|---|---|---|
| Ignition Temperature | 300°F | 800°F |
| Burn Time | 4-8 hours | 8-24 hours |
| Ash Production | Low | High |
Risks of Burning Coal in Wood Stoves
Structural Damage
The intense heat from coal can warp steel stoves and crack cast iron or firebrick linings. As noted in our guide to indoor wood heaters, most aren’t rated for coal’s extreme temperatures.
Chimney Problems
Coal produces:
- Sulfur compounds that corrode metal flues
- More creosote buildup than wood
- Fly ash that can block chimneys
Health Hazards
Coal emits higher levels of:
- Carbon monoxide (up to 5x more than wood)
- Sulfur dioxide
- Heavy metals like mercury
If You Must Burn Coal
For those determined to try, follow these precautions:
Stove Modifications
- Install a coal grate to allow bottom airflow
- Add firebrick lining to protect stove walls
- Use a flue thermometer to monitor temperatures
Fuel Selection
Only use anthracite (“hard coal”) which burns cleaner than bituminous varieties. According to Department of Energy guidelines, it produces fewer emissions.
Safety Equipment
- Install CO detectors on every floor
- Keep a Class ABC fire extinguisher nearby
- Have chimney inspected monthly when burning coal
Better Alternatives
Instead of coal, consider:
- High-density hardwoods like oak or hickory
- Wood briquettes for longer burns
- Electric heaters that mimic wood stoves for supplemental heat
While some historical accounts mention successful coal use in wood stoves, modern safety standards and EPA regulations strongly discourage the practice. The risks generally outweigh any potential benefits.
