Key components checked in HVAC inspections include the thermostat, ductwork, refrigerant levels, electrical connections, filters, and overall system functionality.
HVAC inspections are critical for maintaining system efficiency, preventing costly breakdowns, and ensuring indoor air quality. Professional technicians examine dozens of components during a comprehensive inspection – here’s exactly what they check and why each element matters.
Core HVAC System Components Inspected
Heating System Inspection
For furnaces and boilers, technicians verify:
- Heat exchanger for cracks or corrosion (carbon monoxide risk)
- Burner assembly and ignition system operation
- Gas pressure and valve operation (for gas systems)
- Pilot light or electronic ignition performance
- Flue pipe condition and proper venting
For built-in gas heaters, inspectors pay special attention to combustion safety and ventilation.
Cooling System Inspection
Air conditioner checks include:
- Refrigerant levels and potential leaks
- Condenser coil cleanliness and fin condition
- Compressor operation and amp draw
- Condensate drain line clearance
- Electrical connections at outdoor unit
Critical Support Systems
Airflow Components
Proper airflow impacts both comfort and efficiency:
- Ductwork for leaks, insulation, and proper sizing
- Blower motor operation and lubrication
- Air filter condition (replacement frequency varies by type)
- Register and grille positioning
Electrical Systems
Electrical issues cause many HVAC failures:
- Wiring condition throughout system
- Capacitor and relay operation
- Thermostat wiring and calibration
- Safety switch operation
Specialized Component Checks
Heat Pump Specific Items
Heat pumps require additional inspection points:
- Defrost cycle operation
- Reversing valve function
- Backup heat strips
- Refrigerant charge accuracy
Water Heating Components
For systems with water heater thermostat controls or hydronic heating:
- Pump operation and pressure
- Zone valve function
- Expansion tank pressure
- Pipe insulation condition
Performance Testing
Beyond visual inspection, technicians perform critical measurements:
| Test | Purpose | Acceptable Range |
|---|---|---|
| Temperature Split | Cooling capacity verification | 14-22°F difference |
| Static Pressure | Duct system restriction | 0.5-0.8 in. w.c. |
| Combustion Analysis | Furnace efficiency/safety | CO < 100 ppm |
According to U.S. Department of Energy, proper maintenance can improve HVAC efficiency by 15-20%.
Maintenance Recommendations
After inspection, technicians typically recommend:
- Filter changes (1-3 months depending on type)
- Annual professional servicing
- Duct cleaning every 3-5 years
- Component upgrades for efficiency gains
For homes with indoor propane heaters, additional ventilation checks are crucial for safety.
The EPA recommends duct cleaning only when necessary, such as after construction or with mold growth.
