To winterize a water heater, turn off the power, drain the tank, disconnect the water lines, and insulate exposed pipes to prevent freezing.
Winterizing your water heater is crucial for preventing frozen pipes, reducing energy costs, and extending your system’s lifespan. Whether you have a traditional tank or tankless model, these steps will protect your investment during cold months.
Why Winterizing Matters
Water heaters work harder in winter as incoming water temperatures drop. Proper winterization prevents:
- Frozen/burst pipes
- Energy waste
- Mineral buildup
- Premature system failure
Step-by-Step Winterization Guide
1. Drain the Tank Completely
Sediment buildup reduces efficiency and can cause damage. Follow this process:
- Turn off power (electric breaker or gas valve)
- Connect a garden hose to the drain valve
- Open a hot water faucet in your home
- Open the drain valve and let water flow until empty
2. Insulate Exposed Pipes
Use foam pipe insulation (R-3 minimum) on all accessible hot and cold water lines. Pay special attention to pipes in unheated spaces like basements or crawlspaces. For maximum protection, consider professional insulation solutions.
3. Add a Water Heater Blanket
While modern tanks have insulation, adding a blanket can improve efficiency by 4-9%. Choose a blanket with:
- R-value of at least 8
- Flame-resistant material (especially for gas models)
- Proper cutouts for controls and valves
4. Adjust Temperature Settings
The ideal winter setting is 120-125°F. This provides:
| Temperature | Benefit |
|---|---|
| 120°F | Prevents scalding |
| 125°F | Compensates for heat loss |
5. Prepare for Vacations
For absences longer than 2 weeks:
- Set to “Vacation” mode (if available)
- Or lower temperature to 60°F
- Consider smart thermostat for remote monitoring
Tankless Water Heater Considerations
Tankless systems require special attention:
- Flush with vinegar to remove scale
- Insulate both water and gas lines
- Protect exterior units with weatherproof covers
When to Call a Professional
Seek expert help for:
- Solar water heater winterization
- Recirculating system adjustments
- Complex pipe insulation projects
- Gas line modifications
For extreme cold protection, the U.S. Department of Energy recommends annual professional maintenance. Regular care ensures your system performs efficiently when you need it most.
Additional Cold Weather Tips
- Keep garage doors closed if heater is located there
- Open cabinet doors to allow warm air circulation
- Let faucets drip during extreme cold snaps
- Install whole-home water filtration to reduce mineral buildup
