Space heaters do not emit carbon monoxide when they are electric; however, fuel-burning heaters, like gas or propane models, can produce carbon monoxide if not properly ventilated.
Space heaters provide targeted warmth but raise safety concerns. Many wonder if these devices emit carbon monoxide (CO), a deadly gas. The answer depends on the heater type.
Electric vs. Fuel-Burning Space Heaters
No, electric space heaters don’t emit carbon monoxide. They convert electricity to heat without combustion. This includes:
- Ceramic heaters
- Oil-filled radiators (compare oil vs electric heaters)
- Infrared heaters
- Fan-forced heaters
Fuel-burning heaters do produce CO and require proper ventilation:
| Heater Type | CO Risk | Venting Required |
|---|---|---|
| Propane | High | Yes |
| Natural Gas | High | Yes |
| Kerosene | High | Yes |
Why CO Poisoning Occurs
Carbon monoxide forms when fuels don’t burn completely. The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission reports over 800 generator-related CO deaths from 2017-2019. Space heaters cause similar risks when:
- Used in small, unventilated rooms
- Improperly maintained
- Have blocked flues or vents
- Use incorrect fuel types
Vented vs. Unvented Heaters
Vented heaters expel combustion gases outside through pipes. Unvented models release exhaust indoors. Many states ban unvented gas heaters due to CO risks. California prohibits all unvented combustion heaters in homes.
Safety Measures for All Space Heaters
For Electric Heaters
- Plug directly into wall outlets (no extension cords)
- Choose models with tip-over switches
- Keep 3 feet from flammable materials
For Fuel-Burning Heaters
- Install CO detectors near sleeping areas
- Get annual professional inspections
- Use only recommended fuel types
- Never refuel while operating
Recognizing CO Poisoning Symptoms
Early signs include:
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Nausea
- Confusion
Severe exposure leads to unconsciousness and death. The CDC reports over 400 CO deaths annually in the U.S.
Alternative Heating Options
For safer indoor heating, consider:
- Vented gas heaters with sealed combustion
- Electric oil-filled radiators
- Ceramic tower heaters
Space Heater Fire Statistics
CPSC data shows space heaters cause:
- 1,700 residential fires yearly
- 80+ deaths annually
- 160 injuries each year
Proper use and maintenance prevent most incidents. Always follow manufacturer guidelines for your specific heater model.
