A water heater burst can cause significant water damage and may indicate a pressure buildup or aging unit, necessitating immediate shut-off of the power and water supply, and professional assessment for repairs or replacement.
A burst water heater can flood your home in minutes, causing thousands in damage. Knowing how to respond quickly could save your property. Here’s exactly what to do when disaster strikes.
Immediate Actions When Your Water Heater Bursts
1. Shut Off Water Supply
Locate the cold water supply valve on top of the heater. Turn it clockwise to stop water flow. If you can’t find it, shut off your home’s main water supply immediately.
2. Cut Power Source
For electric heaters: Flip the breaker in your electrical panel. For gas units: Turn the gas control knob to “off” and shut the gas supply line valve.
3. Drain Remaining Water
Connect a garden hose to the drain valve at the bottom of the tank. Run it outside or to a floor drain. Open the valve and let water flow out completely.
4. Call a Professional Plumber
Contact an emergency plumber immediately. Burst heaters often need complete replacement. While waiting, document damage for insurance claims.
Why Water Heaters Burst: Top Causes
Sediment Buildup
Minerals in water accumulate at the tank bottom, creating a barrier between the heating element and water. This causes overheating and tank failure. Annual flushing prevents this issue.
Pressure Valve Failure
The temperature and pressure (T&P) relief valve is a critical safety component. When it fails, pressure builds until the tank ruptures. Test this valve monthly by lifting its lever.
Corrosion and Age
Most tanks last 8-12 years. Internal corrosion weakens the steel over time. Look for rust streaks or water pooling around the base as warning signs.
Freezing Temperatures
Water expands when frozen, which can crack tanks. Garage-installed heaters are especially vulnerable in cold climates.
Warning Signs Your Water Heater Might Burst
| Sign | What It Means |
|---|---|
| Popping/rumbling noises | Sediment buildup overheating water |
| Rust-colored water | Internal tank corrosion |
| Leaking pressure valve | Excessive pressure buildup |
| Visible tank rust | Advanced corrosion weakening structure |
Preventing Future Bursts
Regular Maintenance
Flush your tank annually to remove sediment. Inspect the anode rod every 3 years – this sacrificial component protects your tank from corrosion.
Pressure Regulation
Install a pressure reducing valve if your home water pressure exceeds 80 psi. High pressure stresses all plumbing components.
Temperature Control
Set your thermostat to 120°F (49°C). Higher temperatures accelerate mineral buildup and increase pressure risks.
Timely Replacement
Consider replacing units over 10 years old. Newer models like tankless water heaters eliminate burst risks entirely.
Insurance and Water Damage
Most homeowners policies cover sudden water heater failures, but not gradual leaks. According to Insurance Information Institute, water damage claims average $10,000. Take photos before cleanup begins.
For severe flooding, contact a water damage restoration company immediately. The FEMA guide to flood recovery recommends removing wet materials within 24-48 hours to prevent mold.
