Yes, high temperatures can lead to heat-related illnesses, dehydration, and exacerbate chronic health conditions, especially in vulnerable populations.
Extreme heat is more than just uncomfortable—it poses serious risks to physical and mental health. As global temperatures rise due to climate change, understanding these dangers becomes crucial for prevention and safety.
How Heat Affects the Body
When exposed to high temperatures, the body struggles to regulate its internal temperature. This can lead to several heat-related illnesses:
- Heat exhaustion: Symptoms include heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea, and headache.
- Heat stroke: A medical emergency characterized by a body temperature above 103°F, confusion, and loss of consciousness.
- Dehydration: Excessive sweating leads to fluid loss, causing fatigue, dry mouth, and reduced urine output.
According to WHO, heat stress is the leading cause of weather-related deaths worldwide.
Hidden Health Risks
Beyond immediate heat illnesses, high temperatures can worsen chronic conditions:
| Condition | Heat Impact |
|---|---|
| Cardiovascular disease | Increased strain on heart |
| Respiratory illness | Worsened breathing difficulties |
| Diabetes | Altered insulin sensitivity |
| Kidney disease | Higher risk of acute kidney injury |
Vulnerable Populations
Certain groups face greater risks during heat waves:
1. Older Adults
People over 65 account for most heat-related deaths. Their bodies regulate temperature less efficiently, and many take medications that affect hydration.
2. Outdoor Workers
Construction workers, farmers, and others exposed to direct sunlight face high risks. Proper cooling solutions in work environments can help prevent heat stress.
3. Urban Residents
City dwellers experience the “urban heat island” effect, where concrete and asphalt store heat, making temperatures up to 10°F hotter than surrounding areas.
Mental Health Impacts
Heat doesn’t just affect physical health—it impacts mental well-being too:
- Increased aggression and violence
- Worsened symptoms of anxiety and depression
- Reduced cognitive function and work performance
A study from Boston University found emergency room visits for mental health crises increase during heat waves.
Protecting Yourself from Extreme Heat
At Home
Use energy-efficient cooling solutions that don’t overburden power grids during peak demand.
Outdoors
- Stay hydrated with water, not alcohol or caffeine
- Wear loose, light-colored clothing
- Take frequent breaks in shade or air conditioning
- Avoid strenuous activity during peak heat hours (10am-4pm)
The Future of Heat Risks
With climate change, heat waves are becoming more frequent and intense. The WHO reports heat-related deaths among people over 65 increased by 85% between 2000-2004 and 2017-2021.
Urban planning and building design must adapt to these new realities. Simple measures like increasing green spaces and using reflective building materials can significantly reduce urban temperatures.
