Yes, electric heater types can be used as the primary heat source, especially in smaller spaces or as supplemental heating in larger homes.
Electric heaters can serve as primary heat sources, but their effectiveness depends on climate, heater type, and home insulation. While convenient, they may not be the most cost-efficient option in colder regions compared to heat pumps or gas systems.
Types of Electric Heaters for Primary Heating
Heat Pumps (Most Efficient)
Heat pumps transfer heat rather than generate it, making them 2-3 times more efficient than resistance heaters. Modern cold-climate models work below freezing temperatures.
- Air-source heat pumps: Reduce heating costs by 50-75% vs resistance heating
- Geothermal heat pumps: 61% more efficient than standard models
- Ductless minisplits: Ideal for homes without existing ductwork
According to U.S. Department of Energy, heat pumps can cut electricity use for heating by 75% compared to baseboard heaters.
Electric Furnaces
These forced-air systems work like gas furnaces but use electric resistance coils. They’re 100% efficient at point of use but expensive to operate in cold climates.
Baseboard Heaters
Common in older homes, these provide zone heating but are among the least efficient options. Consider upgrading to a smart thermostat baseboard heater for better control.
Wall Heaters
Permanent electric wall heaters offer localized heating. Some models like the wall-mounted ceramic heater provide both convection and radiant heat.
Climate Considerations
| Climate Zone | Primary Heat Source | Electric Heater Suitability |
|---|---|---|
| Hot-Humid (Southeast) | Electric heat pumps (common) | Excellent – 9.3M homes use heat pumps |
| Cold/Very Cold (North) | Gas furnaces (63% of homes) | Marginal – Only 3% use heat pumps |
| Mixed-Dry (Southwest) | 15% use no heating | Good for supplemental use |
Cost Comparison
Operating Costs
Electric resistance heaters cost 2-3 times more to operate than heat pumps in moderate climates. In cold regions, the difference can be even greater.
Installation Costs
- Baseboard heaters: $50-$200 per unit
- Ductless minisplit: $3,000-$5,000 per zone
- Geothermal system: $15,000-$30,000
When Electric Heaters Work Best as Primary Heat
Ideal Scenarios
- Mild climates (above 30°F winters)
- Small, well-insulated spaces
- Homes with solar panels to offset costs
- Areas with cheap electricity rates
Problematic Scenarios
- Sub-freezing climates
- Large, drafty homes
- Areas with expensive electricity
- Whole-house heating needs
Supplemental Heating Options
37% of U.S. homes use secondary heat sources. Popular choices include:
- Portable electric heaters (most common)
- Fireplaces (wood or gas)
- Dual-fuel systems (heat pump + furnace)
For outdoor spaces, consider an infrared patio heater rather than relying on indoor heaters.
Emerging Technologies
Cold Climate Heat Pumps
New models maintain efficiency down to -13°F, making them viable in northern states. The DOE reports 1.3M cold-region homes now use heat pumps.
Smart Controls
WiFi thermostats and zone heating systems optimize electric heater performance. Look for ENERGY STAR certified models for maximum efficiency.
